CLASS 6TH DAY 1
INTRODUCTION
Activity 1: Let us make a firki of our own
Hold the stick of the firki and place it in different directions in an open area.
Move it a little, back and forth. Observe, what happens. Does the firki rotate? What makes a firki rotate — moving air, isn’t it? Have you seen a weather cock It shows the direction in which the air is moving at that place. To learn more click on the link below:
Air Properties
You probably don’t think too much about air, but it’s all around you. It takes up space and is pushing on you right now. There isn’t air in space, and if you were to suddenly find yourself in the middle of space without a spacesuit, you’d be aware of how important air is to your survival. Obviously, you need the oxygen to breathe, but if there isn’t any air to push on you, bad things start to happen. For starters, bubbles would form in your bodily fluids, and you would double in size. Yikes. Let’s get a spacesuit on you ASAP!
So… what is air? Air is a mixture of gases, water vapor, and other substances, and it has specific properties, or characteristics.
- Air is made up of gases
- Air has mass
- Air exerts pressure and has weight
- Air can be compressed
- Air is impacted by temperature.
The video explains what air is and properties of air. It shows many experiments to prove properties of air like air applies pressure, air has weight, air is required for burning etc. Click on LEARN MORE to watch the video.👇 👇
1)Air Takes Up Space
Take an empty ziploc bag, open it and pull it through the air like a parachute. Now close it, seal it and try to squish the bag. There’s nothing in the bag, right? Wrong. The ziploc bag is full of air.
You can also prove this by blowing up a balloon. The balloon expands because you are putting something into the balloon; air. This air takes up space, so the more air you put into the balloon, the more space it takes up. When you use a pump to blow up a football, you don’t put nothing into it, you put air into it – this air takes up space which is why the football expands.
2)Air Has Mass
Place an empty balloon on a scale and weigh it. Take this same balloon and inflate it. Weigh it again. What do you see?. A really clear way to show this is to make a balance with a stick or coat-hanger suspended by a string in the middle. Tie an empty balloon on each side to prove they weigh the same. Inflate one balloon and rehang it. That side of the balance will be heavier. If air had no mass, there would’ve been no change.
Air is really quite heavy. It is just that it has always been there for you and me so we do not notice. Asking a human if air is heavy is like asking a fish if water is heavy.
Every square inch of surface on the earth has about 15 pounds of air sitting on it. (Air is piled about 100 miles high on each square inch.) Just for fun, calculate the number of square inches on the top of your head and multiply it by 15. Wow… you are holding all that up!?!?
Take a meter stick and lay it on a table. Unfold a full page of a newspaper and lay it flat over the meter stick. Push down on the other end of the meter stick. What happens? Why can’t you lift a super-light piece of paper? Air exerts pressure (in all directions).
The air above the paper pushes down on it (pressure). This pressure is what makes the paper lay flat on the table – it’s being pushed down. Even though they’re too tiny to see, all the molecules of air in the atmosphere above your head weigh something. And the combined weight of these molecules causes a pressure pressing down on your body of 10,000 kg per square meter (10,000 kg = 22,000 lbs). This means that the mass of the air above the 0.1 square meter cross section of your body is 1,000 kg, or a tonne.
If you tried to lift a small car, you’d definitely notice it, so why don’t we notice that there’s a tonne of air pressing down on us? Well, the air exerts this force in all directions, so as well as pushing down on us, it also pushes up and balances out the force on our bodies so that we don’t collapse.
3)Air is affected by Temperature
Take a balloon and place it over the top of a pop bottle (2L is best with a little bit of water in it). Observe the size of the balloon now (@ room temperature). Now place it in a freezer for 10 minutes, remove it and observe size of balloon. Now take the bottle and hold it in a baking dish of almost-boiling water for 10 minutes. Now let the bottle sit on the table for 10 minutes. You should now see the balloon return to the same size as it was to start.
The greater the temperature, the faster the air particles move (increasing pressure), hitting the sides of the balloon more often and harder, making the balloon inflate more. The colder the air becomes though, the slower the air particles move (lowering pressure), resulting in the same amount of air now taking up less space. This is why the beach-ball you left in the garage over night will be “smaller” in the morning that it was during the day (when it was warmer).
4)Air can be Compressed
Take a plastic pop bottle and with the cap off the bottle, hold you hand above the mouth of the bottle and squeeze. What do you feel? Screw the cap on tightly and squeeze again. What happens when you squeeze the bottle now? Now, fill the bottle completely with water, replace the cap and squeeze again. What do you feel now?
When you squeezed the open bottle, you forced some of the air out of the mouth. When you placed the cap on the bottle and squeezed again, there was no place for the air to go, but you were able to squeeze the bottle together. In other words, you were able to compress (or squeeze together) the air inside the bottle. However, when you filled the bottle with water and capped it, you could not squeeze the bottle very much at all because you could not compress the water inside.
Gases such as air can be compressed, but liquids such as water, cannot be compressed. Take an empty glass bottle. Is it really empty or does it have something inside? Turn it, upside down. Is something inside it, now?
Now, dip the open mouth of the bottle into the bucket filled with water as shown in Fig. Observe the bottle. Does water enter the bottle? Now tilt the bottle slightly. Does the water now enter the bottle? Do you see bubbles coming out of the bottle or hear any bubbly sound? Can you now guess what was in the bottle?
Yes! You are right. It is “air”, that was present in the bottle. The bottle was not empty at all. In fact, it was filled completely with air even when you turned it upside down. That is why you notice that water does not enter the bottle when it is in an inverted position, as there was no space for air to escape.
When the bottle was tilted, the air was able to come out in the form of bubbles and water filled up the empty space that the air has occupied. This activity shows that air occupies space. It fills all the space in the bottle. It is present everywhere around us. Air has no colour and one can see through. It is transparent.
Is Air Present Everywhere??(Learn More)👉 👉
HOW DOES OXYGEN BECOME AVAILABLE TO ANIMALS AND PLANTS LIVING IN WATER AND SOIL?👇 👇
Analogy
Word Analogy means correspondence, in other words connection between two things.
The questions on Analogy tests a candidate’s knowledge, power of reasoning.In these a particular relationship is given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided
There can be various kinds of relationship like instrument and measurement, part and whole, individual and group, worker and product.
TYPE 1 : COMPLETING THE ANALOGOUS PAIR
In this type of question, two related words are given. Another word is also given.The candidate is required to find out the relationship between the first two words and choose the word from the given alternatives, which has the same relationship to the third word, as the first two words have.
Ex. 1. Bombay : Maharashtra : : Trivandrum : ?
(a) Calcutta (b) Gujrat (c) Rajasthan (d) Kerala (e) Sikkim
Sol. This question is about state and its capital. Bombay is the capital of Maharashtra. Similarly, Trivandrum is the capital of Kerala. So, the answer is (D).
Ex. 2. Cattle : Herd :: Sheep : ?
(a) Flock (6) Swarm (c) Crowd (d) Shoal (e) Mob
Sol. This question is about group and individual. Herd is a group of cattle. Similarly, flock is a collection of sheep. So, the answer is (a).
TYPE 2 : SIMPLE ANALOGY
- Doctor is related to Patient in the same way as Lawyer is related to ?…..
(a) Customer (b) Accused (c) Magistrate (d) Client
Sol: Here first works for the second. Just like a doctor works for his patient, a lawyer works for his client.
- Needle is related to Thread in the same way as Pen is related to …..
(a) Ink (6) Cap (c) Paper (d) Word
Sol: Here second is inserted in the first. Just like a thread is inserted into a needle, ink is inserted in a pen.
TYPE 3 : CHOOSING THE ANALOGOUS PAIR
- Chalk : Blackboard
(a) Type : Paint (b) Table : Chair (c) Ink : Paper (d) Door : Handle
Sol . Just as chalk is used to write on a blackboard, so also ink is used to write on a paper. Hence, the answer is (c).
- Train : Track
(a)Idea : Brain (b) Water : Boat (c) Bullet : Barrel (d) Fame : Television
Sol: A train moves on tracks. Similarly, a bullet travels through the barrel of the gun.
FUN ACTIVITY: Sixteen Soldiers
BOARD
An expanded Alquerque board is used. Two triangle boards are attached to two opposite sides of an Alquerque board. Each player has 16 pieces that are distinguishable from the other player. Pieces are placed on the intersections (or “points”) of the board, specifically on their half of the Alquerque board, and the nearest triangular board.
RULES
The following rules are based upon Parker’s description:
- Players alternate their turns
- A player may only use one of their pieces in a turn, and must either make a move or perform a capture but not both.
- A piece may move onto any vacant adjacent point along a line.
- A piece may capture an opposing piece by the short leap as in draughts or Alquerque. The piece must be adjacent to the opposing piece, and leap over it onto a vacant point immediately beyond. The leap must be in a straight line and follow the pattern on the board. Captures are not mandatory. A piece can continue to capture within the same turn, and may stop capturing any time. The captured piece (or pieces) is removed from the board.
- The player who captures all of the other player’s pieces wins.
If you need any help to understand the game follow the link below: